Packing:- Packing consists of enclosing an individual item, or several items, in a container, usually for shipment or delivery. This operation is mostly done by hand and machine.
Pharmaceutical Packaging: Pharmaceutical packaging means the combination of components necessary to contain, preserve, protect & deliver a safe, efficacious drug product, such that at any time point before the expiration date of the drug product, a safe & efficacious dosage form is available.
In the case of medicines, the packaging is a very critical step to the product features, application, and shelf life. The packaging of drugs is important to protect drugs from damage, germs, outer atmosphere, and bacteria and at the same time have to take care of child and old age safety concerns.
As well as being used to store and protect drugs, packaging pharmaceuticals is also essential for identification purposes, for marketing and promoting different brands, and for facilitating the use of pharmaceutical products.
Types of Pharmaceutical PackagingThere are three levels of Pharmaceutical packaging commonly referred to as primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging.
1. Primary packaging systemThe primary packaging system is the material that first envelops the product and holds it i.e., those package components and subcomponents that actually come in contact with the product, or those that may have a direct effect on the product shelf-life e.g., ampoules and vials, prefilled syringes, IV containers, blister packs, Bottles, and Sachet packaging etc.
Types of PRIMARY pharmaceutical packagingTypes of PRIMARY pharmaceutical packaging 2. Secondary packaging systemThe secondary packaging system is outside the primary packaging and used to group primary packages together e.g., cartons, boxes, shipping containers, injection trays, etc.
Types of Secondary Pharmaceutical Packaging3. Tertiary packagingA tertiary packaging system is used for bulk handling and shipping e.g., barrel, container, edge protectors, etc.
FUNCTIONS OF PACKAGINGGlass has been widely used as a drug packaging material.
Composition of glassGlass is mainly made up of Sand/pure silica, Soda-ash (sodium carbonate), Limestone (calcium carbonate) & Cullet (broken glass that is mixed with the batch & acts as a fusion agent for the entire mixture).
The basic structure network of glass is silicon dioxide tetrahedron.
The most common cations found in pharmaceutical glassware are silicone, aluminum, boron, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc & barium. The only anion of consequence is oxygen.
Types of pharmaceutical GlassType I – Borosilicate Glass
Type II – Treated Soda-Lime Glass
Type III – Soda-Lime Glass
Type NP – General Purpose Soda-Lime Glass
Plastic is one of the most versatile substances in the world. Plastic is light, it’s flexible, it can be used to produce packaging of all shapes and sizes, and it’s very difficult to break. These are all advantages when exploring materials for pharmaceutical packaging.
The drawback of using plastic, rather than glass, is the possibility of plastic materials interacting with the product by means of transferring leachables. There are several different types of plastics used in pharmaceutical packaging, including:
Drawback of Plastic:
Metals are used for construction of containers. The metals commonly used for this purpose are aluminium ,tin plated steel, stainless steel, tin and lead
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
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