Studies so far have shown that PTFE is non-toxic and inert when used as a coating. However, when cooking temperatures are greater than 260 °C, PTFE can start to produce fumes. Such temperatures can be reached when pans are pre-heated empty for too long, i.e. more than a few minutes. When pans are overheated beyond 350 °C, the coating begins to break down to release harmful gases that can even be lethal in extreme cases.
In the past, the manufacture of older Non-Stick Pans used to include a chemical called perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), which turned out to be a type of persistent organic pollutant called per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). You may have heard of them as ‘forever chemicals’. Some studies have linked PFAS to various health issues such as immune system dysfunction, hormone disruption, decreased fertility, and an increased risk of certain cancers.
However, since then, most manufacturers have replaced PFOA with safer chemicals. The non-stick cookware from reputable brands now are PFOA-free.
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