Depending on the circuit and nature of the failure, it can affect other components, yes. But they don't even have to blow up, bulge or start leaking for this to happen.
eidolonFIRE:eidolonFIRE:
If you're lucky, the explosion forced the plates back apart and the capacitor is now a "break" or open circuit.
In this case, the cap behaves like a fuse, and yes, it is the preferred scenario for a failure.
We had an old Philips TV that gradually started behaving odd whenever we'd turn it on. The picture signal took more and more time to "stabilize" upon switching it on, as weeks went by. The first thing that I thought was "capacitor". It had checked all the boxes. 10+ years old TV set, heavily used, failure-over-time instead of just outright dying, strange behavior only initially upon powering up, until it "stabilizes"... So I told my dad and got the usual "no" when I suggested to open it up and take a look at it.
Fast forward a couple of months. It finally dies. We take it to the repair man and describe the behavior of the past few months.
"It should be fixable, come back tomorrow"
The next day we go to pick it up. I ask what was wrong, and basically "several components died, but nothing serious".
Me: So, was one of those components a capacitor?"
Him: Yep. If you'd come earlier, the repair would have probably been half the price. That cap took down 3 components with it when it died"
He then explained to me that capacitors can also just lose capacitance over time. They apparently don't even have to bulge to malfunction. They just get old.
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